Download --- pdf---Memory Management in Linux and Windows
Operating System
The following report contain:
1. Synopsis of Technical write-ups
2. Memory Management (Linux)
3. Memory Management (Windows)
4. PVM
5. Thread Management in WIN2K
6. RAID
7. UNIX Process Management
Synopsis of Technical Write-ups:
• Memory Management (Linux and Windows):
• PVM in Linux :
• Thread Management in WIN2K
• RAID:
• UNIX Process Management :
Wednesday, March 18, 2009
A proposed Mode for triple DES encryption
Download --- pdf---A proposed Mode for triple DES encryption
A proposed mode for triple-DES encryption
We propose a new mode of multiple encryption-triple-DES external feedback
cipher block chaining with output feedback masking. The aim is to provide increased
protection against certain attacks (dictionary attacks and matching ciphertext attacks)
which exploit the short message-block size of DES. The new mode obtains this protection
through the introduction of secret masking values that are exclusive-ORed with the
intermediate outputs of each triple-DES encryption operation. The secret mask value is
derived from a fourth encryption operation per message block, in addition to the three used in previous modes. The new mode is part of a suite of encryption modes proposed in the ANSI X9.F.1 triple-DES draft standard (X9.52).
Introduction
Table 1 Abbreviations and definitions.
Table 2 Probability of exposing a single block.
Attacks against earlier schemes (Blaze
and Jones)
Internal feedback
Objectives of the new mode
Triple-DES external feedback CBC with OFB
masking (CBCM) mode
Strength of Triple-DES external feedback CBC
with OF6 masking (CBCM) mode
Triple-DES external feedback CBC with OFB masking (CBCM)
mode.
Remark on reusing the IV
Some design rationale
Properties of the present mode
Concluding remarks
A proposed mode for triple-DES encryption
We propose a new mode of multiple encryption-triple-DES external feedback
cipher block chaining with output feedback masking. The aim is to provide increased
protection against certain attacks (dictionary attacks and matching ciphertext attacks)
which exploit the short message-block size of DES. The new mode obtains this protection
through the introduction of secret masking values that are exclusive-ORed with the
intermediate outputs of each triple-DES encryption operation. The secret mask value is
derived from a fourth encryption operation per message block, in addition to the three used in previous modes. The new mode is part of a suite of encryption modes proposed in the ANSI X9.F.1 triple-DES draft standard (X9.52).
Introduction
Table 1 Abbreviations and definitions.
Table 2 Probability of exposing a single block.
Attacks against earlier schemes (Blaze
and Jones)
Internal feedback
Objectives of the new mode
Triple-DES external feedback CBC with OFB
masking (CBCM) mode
Strength of Triple-DES external feedback CBC
with OF6 masking (CBCM) mode
Triple-DES external feedback CBC with OFB masking (CBCM)
mode.
Remark on reusing the IV
Some design rationale
Properties of the present mode
Concluding remarks
DATA ENCRYPTION STANDARD DES
Download --- pdf----DATA ENCRYPTION STANDARD DES
DATA ENCRYPTION STANDARD (DES)
Abstract
The selective application of technological and related procedural safeguards is an important responsibility of every Federal organization in providing adequate security to its electronic data systems. This publication specifies two cryptographic algorithms, the Data Encryption Standard (DES) and the Triple Data Encryption Algorithm (TDEA) which may be used by Federal organizations to protect sensitive data. Protection of data during transmission or while in storage may be necessary to maintain the confidentiality and integrity of the information represented by the data. The algorithms uniquely define the mathematical steps required to transform data into a cryptographic cipher and also to transform the cipher back to the original form. The Data Encryption Standard is being made available for use by Federal agencies within the context of a total security
program consisting of physical security procedures, good information management practices, and computer system/network access controls. This revision supersedes FIPS 46-2 in its entirety.
Key words: computer security, data encryption standard, triple data encryption algorithm, Federal
Information Processing Standard (FIPS); security.
Announcing the
DATA ENCRYPTION STANDARD
1. Name of Standard. Data Encryption Standard (DES).
2. Category of Standard. Computer Security, Cryptography.
3. Explanation.
4. Approving Authority. Secretary of Commerce.
5. Maintenance Agency. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and
Technology, Information Technology Laboratory.
6. Applicability.
7. Applications.
8. Implementations.
9. Export Control.
11. Alternative Modes of Using the DES and TDEA.
12. Implementation of this standard.
13. Specifications. Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 46-3, Data Encryption
Standard (DES) (affixed).
14. Cross Index.
15. Qualifications.
16. Comments.
17. Waiver Procedure.
18. Special Information.
19. Where to Obtain Copies of the Standard.
SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE
DATA ENCRYPTION STANDARD (DES)
DATA ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM
Introduction
Enciphering
Deciphering
The Cipher Function f
TRIPLE DATA ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM
APPENDIX 1
PRIMITIVE FUNCTIONS FOR THE
DATA ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM
APPENDIX 2
TRIPLE DES BLOCK DIAGRAM
(ECB Mode)
TDEA Encryption Operation:
DATA ENCRYPTION STANDARD (DES)
Abstract
The selective application of technological and related procedural safeguards is an important responsibility of every Federal organization in providing adequate security to its electronic data systems. This publication specifies two cryptographic algorithms, the Data Encryption Standard (DES) and the Triple Data Encryption Algorithm (TDEA) which may be used by Federal organizations to protect sensitive data. Protection of data during transmission or while in storage may be necessary to maintain the confidentiality and integrity of the information represented by the data. The algorithms uniquely define the mathematical steps required to transform data into a cryptographic cipher and also to transform the cipher back to the original form. The Data Encryption Standard is being made available for use by Federal agencies within the context of a total security
program consisting of physical security procedures, good information management practices, and computer system/network access controls. This revision supersedes FIPS 46-2 in its entirety.
Key words: computer security, data encryption standard, triple data encryption algorithm, Federal
Information Processing Standard (FIPS); security.
Announcing the
DATA ENCRYPTION STANDARD
1. Name of Standard. Data Encryption Standard (DES).
2. Category of Standard. Computer Security, Cryptography.
3. Explanation.
4. Approving Authority. Secretary of Commerce.
5. Maintenance Agency. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and
Technology, Information Technology Laboratory.
6. Applicability.
7. Applications.
8. Implementations.
9. Export Control.
11. Alternative Modes of Using the DES and TDEA.
12. Implementation of this standard.
13. Specifications. Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 46-3, Data Encryption
Standard (DES) (affixed).
14. Cross Index.
15. Qualifications.
16. Comments.
17. Waiver Procedure.
18. Special Information.
19. Where to Obtain Copies of the Standard.
SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE
DATA ENCRYPTION STANDARD (DES)
DATA ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM
Introduction
Enciphering
Deciphering
The Cipher Function f
TRIPLE DATA ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM
APPENDIX 1
PRIMITIVE FUNCTIONS FOR THE
DATA ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM
APPENDIX 2
TRIPLE DES BLOCK DIAGRAM
(ECB Mode)
TDEA Encryption Operation:
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