Standalone Device Drivers in Linux

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Standalone Device Drivers in Linux


Introduction
Existing systems
Techniques for writing stand-alone drivers in Linux
Using Kernel Modules
Building modules outside of the kernel tree
Synchronizing kernel versions
Exporting symbols from a module
Installing modularized device drivers
Kernel version compatibility
Standards for installing rc.d scripts
Binary Compatibility
Cross OS compatibility
A Sample Makefile
A sample installation script

Drivers and the Kernel

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Drivers and the Kernel

KERNEL ADAPTATION
WHY CONFIGURE THE KERNEL?
CONFIGURATION METHODS
TUNING A LINUX KERNEL
ADDING DEVICE DRIVERS
Device numbers
ADDING A LINUX DEVICE DRIVER
DEVICE FILES
Naming conventions for devices
LOADABLE KERNEL MODULES
BUILDING A LINUX KERNEL
Building the Linux kernel binary

Writing device specific RTOS independent hardware independent device drivers

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Writing device specific, RTOS independent, hardware independent device drivers


Table of Contents


Introduction
Issues
The application that is using the device is probably not at the layer where the device
driver is implemented
Devices are physically accessed differently on different platforms
Device driver may need to interact with, or extend, the kernel
Addressing the issues
Roll-your-own API – Upper Layer
Upper-level API
Roll-your-own API – Lower Layer
Lower-level API (Device Helper Functions)
Conclusion
A fictitious mini-case-study

Device Class Definition for Physical Interface Devices PID Version 1.0

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Universal Serial Bus (USB)


Device Class Definition for
Physical Interface Devices (PID)


Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION
SCOPE
PURPOSE
RELATED DOCUMENTS
DEFINITIONS
FUNCTIONAL OVERVIEW
CONFIGURATIONS
CONFIGURATION AND INTERFACE STRUCTURE
Configuration
Interface Definition
CONVENTIONS
ACTUATORS
UNITS
PHYSICAL INPUT DEVICE PAGE (XF)
EFFECT BLOCK PARAMETERS
Effect Types
ENVELOPE BLOCK PARAMETERS
CONDITION BLOCK PARAMETERS
CUSTOM FORCES
Sample Definition
Data Downloading
Custom Force Block Parameters
PERIODIC BLOCK PARAMETERS
CONSTANT FORCE BLOCK PARAMETERS
RAMP FORCE BLOCK PARAMETERS
VENDOR DEFINED PARAMETER BLOCKS
EFFECT OPERATIONS
DEVICE GAIN
PARAMETER BLOCK MANAGEMENT
Driver Managed
Device Managed
PID STATE
PID DEVICE CONTROL
PID EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE REPORT SUMMARY
INPUT REPORTS
OUTPUT REPORTS
FEATURE REPORTS
OTHER REPORTS
EXAMPLE REPORTS
EXAMPLE OF CREATING A DEVICE MANAGED EFFECT
PARAMETER BLOCKS

Debugging Linux KernelDrivers with the BDI2000 GDB

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Debugging Linux Kernel/Drivers with the BDI2000 & GDB


BDI2000 CONFIGURATION
HOST PC CONFIGURATION
LINUX CONFIGURATION
TARGET SPECIFIC ISSUES
SELECTING A BREAKPOINT LOCATION
PROCEDURE FOR MODULE DEBUGGING
APPLICATION DEBUGGING
PROCEDURE FOR APPLICATION DEBUGGING

Accessing Hardware From Applications

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Contents
Introduction Introduction to Accessing Hardware From Applications
Who Should Read This Document?
Organization of This Document
See Also
Chapter Hardware-Access Options
Other APIs That Provide Access to Hardware
Where to Go From Here
Chapter Device Access and the I/O Kit
I/O Kit Summary
I/O Kit Definitions
I/O Kit Driver-Stack Building
Device Interfaces and Device Files
Inside the Device-Interface Mechanism
Inside the Device-File Mechanism
Communicating With the I/O Kit
Chapter Finding and Accessing Devices
Finding Devices in the I/O Registry
Device Matching
Getting the I/O Kit Master Port
Getting Keys and Values for a Device-Matching Dictionary
Setting Up a Matching Dictionary to Find Devices
Setting Up a Matching Dictionary to Find Device Files
Looking Up Devices in the I/O Registry
Getting Notifications of Device Arrival and Departure
Examining Matching Objects
Putting It All Together: Accessing a Device
Getting a Device Interface
Getting a Device-File Path
Chapter The IOKitLib API
Object Reference-Counting and Introspection
Reference Counting
Introspection
Device Discovery and Notification
Creating Matching Dictionaries
Looking Up Devices
Setting Up and Receiving Notifications
Iterating Over Matching Devices
I/O Registry Access
Traversing the I/O Registry
Getting Information About I/O Registry Objects
Viewing Properties of I/O Registry Objects
Setting Properties of I/O Registry Objects
Determining Busy States
Device-Interface Development
Creating a User Space–Kernel Connection
Managing the User Space–Kernel Connection
Chapter Handling Errors
Interpreting I/O Kit Error Return Values
Handling Exclusive-Access Errors
Appendix A I/O Kit Family Device-Access Support